Chapter 01
نویسندگان
چکیده
There is growing interest in scientific explanations of aging and in the search for a general theory that can explain what aging is and why and how it happens. There is also a need for a general theoretical framework that would allow researchers to handle an enormous amount of diverse observations related to aging phenomena. Empirical observations on aging have become so abundant that a special four-volume encyclopedia, The Encyclopedia of Aging (1,591 pages), is now required for even partial coverage of the accumulated facts (Ekerdt, 2002). To transform these numerous and diverse observations into a comprehensive body of knowledge—a general theory of species aging and longevity—is required. The prevailing research strategy now is to focus on the molecular level in the hopes of understanding the proverbial nuts and bolts of the aging process. In accordance with this approach, many aging theories explain the aging of organisms through the aging of organism components. However, this circular reasoning of assuming aging in order to “explain” aging eventually leads to a logical dead end because when moving in succession from the aging of organisms to the aging of organs, tissues, and cells, we eventually come to atoms, which are known not to age. A situation with non-aging components exists not only at the level of atoms, but it may also be observed at higher levels of system organization when its components fail at random with a constant risk of failure independent on age. Even such complex biological structures as cells may sometimes demonstrate a non-aging behavior when their loss follows a simple law of radioactive decay (Burns et al., 2002; Clarke et al., 2000, 2001a,b; Heintz, 2000). Thus, we come to the following basic question on the origin of aging: How can we explain the aging of a system built of non-aging elements? This question invites us to start thinking about the possible systemic nature of
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تاریخ انتشار 2005